Solar Power Myths

Since saving energy is one of our biggest objectives in building green homes, we thought we'd take a little time and talk about solar panels. Below is some of the best information we could find on them and we hope you find it helpful in your decision making process. (Greenlivingtips.com)

Solar panels and energy payback

One of the most prevalent myths is the one that goes something along the lines of "it takes more energy to make a solar panel than it generates during its serviceable lifespan".

This just isn't true, even low quality panels, assuming they see out their 20 - 25 year lifespan, will generate far more energy during their life than what went into making them. The average energy payback time varies as it depends on the panel, and where it is used, but 1 - 4 years is the average range. Given the 25+ year life, that's a lot of extra energy produced.

Summer and solar power

It use to be thought that summer would have to be the best time for solar power production; after all the sun is up for longer. This isn't necessarily so. One of a solar panel's biggest enemies is heat. The hotter it is, the less efficient they are. A high quality panel will have better heat tolerance (temperature coefficient) than a lower quality one, but it will suffer nonetheless.

If you're in a region where you experience particularly hot summers, your solar power system will likely crank out the most power during the spring and autumn rather than at the height of summer.

Grid connect systems and blackouts

Some people install a grid connect solar power system, that is, one that can export surplus electricity to the mains grid, thinking that during a blackout, as long as the sun is shining they will have power.

Grid connected solar power systems automatically shut down when there is a blackout in the area for safety reasons. Imagine what could happen if a system was exporting power into the grid while workers were trying to fix whatever problems were occurring.

Using a grid connected system in a blackout can be done, but it requires additional (and expensive) components and in some areas, electricity authorities will absolutely refuse to allow these sorts of systems anyway.

Solar panels don't work on cloudy days

They do work. I'm writing this now in 100% overcast conditions and my panel is still working away and cranking out enough clean electricity to power my laptop - and is even putting a little bit into my deep cycle battery (I have a small off-grid system I use when out in the boonies).

Cloudy conditions will negatively impact on production, but it depends on the degree - how much of the light is blocked.

Solar panels and waste

Solar naysayers will sometimes acknowledge the long life of a solar panel, but will raise the spectre of millions of solar panels heading to landfill in a couple of decades. This is a valid concern, however there are already recycling initiatives in development to see this doesn't happen. Over 90% of a standard solar panel's weight is material that is recyclable, such as aluminium, glass and the solar cells themselves - there's money in them thar old panels!

Solar power and baseload

Sure, the sun isn't shining all the time, but solar power can and already has proven it can be used to provide baseload power on a substantial scale; that is, a continual and reliable electricity supply 24/7. Molten salt batteries are already in use - these store heat generated by solar power during the day and the heat is used at night to generate steam to power turbines.

Making your own solar panels

This isn't a myth as such - it can be done. Over the last couple of years there's been a plethora of information products available online (for a price) that teach you how to make your own solar panels. A couple of things - firstly, the claims made in the advertising of some of these products is way over the top. For example, some of them talk about connecting a home made solar panel to your mains electricity. Safety issues aside, your electricity retailer would have pups if you tried doing this. Utilities will only allow properly accredited and certified equipment to connect to the mains for obvious reasons. Also something to bear in mind is that while you can make a solar panel, it is quite time consuming, so you'll need to determine if the time put into building one is worth it given the price of solar panels.

Solar power system size

Solar power is big business and there's a lot of questionable marketing around at the moment telling people they can get all the energy they need from an average sized solar power system. This can make solar power seem very cheap, particularly with renewable energy rebates being so widely available.

If an average sized grid connect solar power system is 1.5kW (as it is in Australia), this is possible if you're really, really, really energy efficient. The fact is most of us aren't, even the green-leaning folks among us. With so many appliances, gadgets and gizmos in the average home, and if you run an electric stove and hot water system; the 1.5kW solar power system just won't cut it in a family situation.

The easiest way to * roughly* figure out how big a system you'll need to offset 100% of your energy use over a full year is to look at your power bill, find out your daily consumption in kilowatt hours, divide that by the average *peak* sun hours a day in your area (lets say 4-5 to be conservative) and that will give you an idea of how big a system you'll need. If you're consuming 20 kilowatt hours a day, you'll be looking at a 4-5kW system.

That calculation is for grid connected systems that will receive at the very least a credit for surplus electricity exported to the grid (it's called a feed in tariff) to offset the power you'll still draw from the grid during the night and in particularly adverse weather conditions.

Off-grid systems require battery storage and extra panels, which will add substantially to the cost.

Note: peak sun hours doesn't refer to hours of daylight, but the average number of hours of sunlight at a sufficient level to produce appreciable quantities of energy.

Also bear in mind the rating of 1.5kW on a system refers to the total of the solar panel output. In a grid connected solar power system, there will be some line loss and loss at the inverter, which is the box that converts the DC voltage from the panels into AC suitable for use in the home.

However, that doesn't mean to say that installing a 1.5kW system is useless, far from it - consider the energy and greenhouse gas savings over the long term and also the value it will add to your home. I've also found that people who install systems tend to become more energy efficient or at the very least, more energy conscious.

Tip: when shopping for a solar power system, instead of letting the salesperson convince you of buying a bigger system, save your bucks and consider other energy efficiency measures you can take that would reduce the size of the system you need. After all, solar power may be comparatively green, but the greenest watt is the one that doesn't have to be generated.

Solar power isn't without its issues, but as someone enjoying the benefits of sitting here watching my single solar panel quietly at work and producing all the power I need to write this; it's sure seems a heck of a lot better than filthy fossil fuel based electricity generation.

Does LEED Fulfill It's Promises?

Critics Say:

"LEED certification has never depended on actual energy use, and it's not going to," he says. "You can use as much energy as you want and report it and keep your plaque."

The business of green building is growing rapidly, even though the construction market as a whole has been in a slump. The U.S. Green Building Council, or USGBC, and its certification system are changing the industy! The company is influencing policy, but some critics say it isn't delivering on its environmental promises. Here's one such story.

In Washington, LEED Is Law.


Stoddert Elementary School in Washington, D.C., is the site of a sparkling new building addition and rehab. Last month, crews were still putting the finishing touches on the landscaping and a new glass wall that blends into a beautiful 1932 brick schoolhouse. The school is expected to earn LEED Gold certification for its renovation and new addition.


"Architecture can no longer be just sculpture," says Rick Fedrizzi, head of the USGBC, the private nonprofit that runs the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certification system known as LEED. Architecture must be about performance, Fedrizzi says, especially in the case of schools.


"We have the ability through the bricks and mortar to change the way our kids learn, absorb information, interact with their teacher, and ultimately have the ability for a much more productive life," he says. "It's a moral objective of all of us to make sure that this happens across the board."


In Washington, it's more than an objective — it is the law. All new public buildings must achieve LEED certification.

LEED is a force to be reckoned with in the construction world. Fourteen federal departments and agencies, 34 states and more than 200 local governments now encourage or require LEED certification. Some places offer incentives to certify. Others, like Washington, mandate it as a kind of code.

Under LEED, the environmentally conscious features of Stoddert will be tallied up, and the USGBC will award a plaque certifying the school as a green building.

Noise Levels And Air Quality

Architect Mary Rose Rankin of Ehrenkrantz Eckstut & Kuhn says the designers paid a lot of attention to the acoustics of this building because noise levels are important for learning. It's one of the LEED requirements.

Indoor air quality is another priority. Rankin says she expects the school's new geothermal heating and cooling system to save a lot of energy.


"Our model shows a savings of around 29 to 30 percent over what a comparable baseline building would be of similar size," she says. "That's 30 percent a year. And payback, for instance, for our geothermal system should be around six to eight years."

Critics of LEED have long said it doesn't put enough emphasis on saving energy. One of the most assertive is Henry Gifford, a New York apartment building owner turned energy efficiency expert.

"It's impossible to go out and buy a building with a guarantee for how much energy it won't use," he says. "And the LEED system, by basing everything on energy predictions, continues that. This is one of the reasons why it's so popular — because it's painless."

Questioning The LEED Certification

A couple of years ago, Gifford sparked a firestorm by challenging a study funded by the USGBC that concluded that LEED buildings save energy. He says the methodology was flawed and the numbers really show that those LEED buildings used more energy than their peers.

Gifford's bottom line is that LEED awards certification before the energy savings are proved.

Gifford says LEED should have teeth. If the building doesn't perform as predicted, yank the certification. And as for the growing number of governments that require LEED?

At the USGBC's platinum-certified office space in Washington, Fedrizzi walks past the two-story waterfall in the lobby to show off some energy-saving features. Natural light streams in, bouncing off white carpet and ceiling panels to illuminate the workstations. He says the lights are rarely turned on.

"LEED buildings are significantly more energy efficient than your typical building stock," he says.

When asked about Gifford's charges that LEED doesn't live up to projections, Fedrizzi says ultimately it's not just about the design — it's about how the building is run.


"What really needs to happen is the transformation of the owners and the operators of the buildings to ensure that the building is being operated properly," he says. "I like to say you can get the same gas mileage out of a Prius that you get from a Hummer if you drive it incorrectly."


So should there be a system put in place of checks and balances to guarantee that what is being paid for in certification is indeed putting out as it says?  Should LEED be able to be written into law? With small towns and cities headed that way the criticism is sure to come out in heavier doses. 

The most striking thing about the business of LEED is how the system is being woven into the fabric of the building industry. Even in new buildings that are not LEED these days, many use it as a reference in the project specs. Regardless of the economic downturn, despite questions about performance, LEED is capitalizing on the desire for better buildings and pulling the market toward green.



(www.npr.com)

Is LEED Really Worth It?

Is LEED Certification really worth it? 

While much of the U.S. real estate market has been floundering, one area has not seen a dip. Green building now accounts for nearly one-third of new construction in the U.S. That's up from 2 percent in 2005, according to McGraw-Hill Construction, which tracks the industry.

The numbers suggest a revolution is taking place within an industry that is historically slow to change. There are many factors — and many players — in this move toward green building.

The University of Michigan officials ran the numbers this year and decided that yes: the intangibles that come from LEED are worth the investment. The university committed to seek certification on all of its new building projects worth more than $10 million. -The cost of LEED certification is a relatively small percentage of the overall cost of a building.




-For a $100 million project of the average building type, the additional cost to reach LEED silver is only about 2 percent.
-LEED silver certification would add 4.7 percent to the cost of that same $100 million project.

Certified buildings get a plaque for prominent display. And if you already know all of this, it's a sign of the brand recognition LEED has developed.

How LEED Works

LEED is set up like an arbiter of a sort of building Olympics. Projects earn points for various features. Use renewable cork flooring, for instance, get a point in the materials and resources category. Use paint that doesn't give off toxic substances — score a point for indoor environmental quality. There are categories for water efficiency and energy. Pay the fees, rack up enough points, and win a basic, silver, gold or platinum rating. The Ross building achieved silver.

The word LEED meant nothing 10 odd years ago. And now that is literally like Kleenex is to tissues. I mean, you think of a LEED building and people think, 'Oh, it's a green building.' "


(www.npr.com)

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